Duplex kidneys can occur in one or both kidneys. Duplex kidneys are a normal variant, meaning that they occur commonly enough in healthy children to be considered normal. They occur in 1 percent of the population, and most cause no medical problems and will require no treatment.
What is bifid collecting system?
bifid collecting system: refers to a duplex kidney with the two separate pelvicalyceal collecting systems uniting at the PUJ or as bifid ureters. double/duplicated ureters (or collecting system): two ureters that drain separately into the bladder or genital tract.
What is bifid renal pelvis?
A bifid renal pelvis is a congenital renal tract abnormality characterized as a duplication of the ureter (two ureters) that unite before emptying into the bladder.
Does duplex kidney go away?
Duplex kidney, also known as duplicated ureters or duplicated collecting system, is the most common birth defect related to the urinary tract. This occurs due to an incomplete fusion of the upper and lower pole of the kidney which creates two separate drainage systems from the kidney. Most people do not need treatment.
Can a duplex kidney cause pain?
The most common symptoms of duplex kidney are flank pain and hematuria caused by obstruction and in- fection of the upper moiety of duplex kidney.
What is Malrotated kidney?
Abnormal renal rotation, also known as renal malrotation, refers to an anatomical variation in the position of the kidneys, in particular to anomalous orientation of the renal hilum. It may occur unilaterally or bilaterally. It is almost always an asymptomatic incidental finding.
What is a ectopic kidney?
An ectopic kidney is a kidney located below, above, or on the opposite side of the kidney’s normal position in the urinary tract. The two kidneys are usually located near the middle of your back, just below your rib cage, on either side of your spine.
What problems can a duplex kidney cause?
Complications from duplex kidney. There is reason for concern when a duplex kidney is associated with urologic conditions requiring treatment. Duplex kidney may result in urine flowing back into the kidney rather into the bladder and also may cause obstruction of urine.
What is the anatomy of a bifid ureter?
Gross anatomy. A bifid ureter is formed when there is a duplex kidney (separate pelvicalyceal collecting systems) drain into separate ureters, but the ureters unite before draining into the bladder at a single ureteric orifice 1 . Rarely, one of the branches of a bifid ureter will be blind-ending and will not unite 2 .
Can a ureteroscopy detect a bifid renal pelvis?
It is certainly able to detect ureteroceles, if present. It provides excellent anatomic information but does not necessarily differentiate a bifid renal pelvis from a bifid ureter or two complete ureters.
What is the prevalence of aborted bifid ureter?
These include bifid ureter with a blind-ending pouch, aborted bifid ureteral diverticulum, and aborted duplication of the collecting system ref. Present in ~5% (range 1-10%) of the population 1,2 .
How rare is a duplex kidney?
Duplex kidney with duplication of the renal pelvis and a common ureter. Different variants of the duplex kidney: duplicated ureter (left), ureter fissus (middle) and bifid renal pelvis (right). Two separate ureteral buds merge on the way to the metanephric blastema, resulting in a common renal unit. Very rare.
