The ventriculus terminalis (or persistent terminal ventricle, or terminal ventricle of Krause, or 5th ventricle) is an ependymal -lined fusiform dilatation of the terminal central canal of the spinal cord, positioned at the transition from the tip of the conus medullaris to the origin of the filum terminale.
What is the anatomy of the pulmonary trunk?
Gross anatomy. The pulmonary trunk is approximately 50 mm long and 30 mm wide (most authors use 29 mm width as the cut-off of normal 1). It arises as a direct superior continuation of the right ventricular outflow tract, separated by the pulmonary valve. As it ascends it slants posteriorly and to the left of the ascending aorta.
Where does the pulmonary trunk emerge from the fibrous pericardium?
At the level of the transthoracic plane, the trunk emerges from the fibrous pericardium and divides into the longer right and shorter left pulmonary arteries in the concavity of the aortic arch, anterior to left main bronchus and to the left of the carina.
What is partial anomalous pulmonary venous return?
Variant anatomy. There may also be partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) where the pulmonary veins drain into a structure besides the left atrium and rarely total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) occurs where there is no drainage of pulmonary veins into the left atrium.
How is terminal terminal ventricle differentiated from distal syrinx?
Terminal ventricle may be indistinguishable from a distal syrinx, though either lesion can simply be followed based on clinical symptoms, in order to assess for possible expansion. 1 Kernohan JW. The Ventriculus Terminalis: Its Growth and Development.
How is mRMR used to diagnose terminal ventricle?
MR is useful in the detection and diagnosis of the terminal ventricle, and can be used to differentiate this variant from other lesions of the cord or conus. In cases in which a lesion is indeterminate in appearance, a lack of contrast enhancement indicates a non-aggressive abnormality.
Does the terminal ventricle dilate with Conus?
Rarely, the terminal ventricle may dilate and cause significant clinical symptoms. MR is useful in the detection and diagnosis of the terminal ventricle, and can be used to differentiate this variant from other lesions of the cord or conus.
