Sapropel (a contraction of ancient Greek words sapros and pelos, meaning putrefaction and mud (or clay), respectively) is a term used in marine geology to describe dark-coloured sediments that are rich in organic matter. Organic carbon concentrations in sapropels commonly exceed 2 wt.
What is sapropel formation?
ORL/sapropel formation is associated with either a high flux of organic matter to the seafloor from high-productivity conditions at the surface or increased preservation of organic matter in the ocean bottom due to deep waters devoid of oxygen.
What causes sapropels?
Sapropels are thought to form when Nile discharge increases as a response to enhanced African summer mon- soon activity during precession minima (Rossignol-Strick, 1985; Rohling et al., 2015). The low-density fresh water then forms a lid at the surface, stopping or reducing the strength of the overturning circulation.
What is sapropelic organic matter?
Sapropels largely contain amorphous (sapropelic) organic matter derived from planktonic organisms (such as planktonic or benthic algae in lakes or plankton in marine settings). Such organic matter possesses a large hydrogen-to-carbon ratio; therefore, sapropelic sequences are potential petroleum-forming deposits.
What is sapropel fertilizer?
Sapropel fertilizer, as one of organic fertilizers, contains biological materials. Due to high content of humic acid and organic matters, peat is good for soil improvement and plant growth. Some microelements, like Cu, Zn, B, Mn, participate formation of substances and growth and reproduction of plants.
Is humic acid soluble in water?
Humic acids can form complexes with ions that are commonly found in the environment creating humic colloids. Humic acids are insoluble in water at acid pH, whereas fulvic acids are also derived from humic substances but are soluble in water across the full range of pH.
What is sapropelic coal?
sapropelic coal, hydrogen-rich coal, including cannel coal and boghead coal (see torbanite), derived from sapropels (loose deposits of sedimentary rock rich in hydrocarbons) and characterized by a dull black, sometimes waxy lustre.
What role does kerogen play in generation?
The formation of kerogen represents a major step in the formation of oil and natural gas, as kerogen serves as the source of these fossil fuels. For kerogen to form, dead phytoplankon, zooplankton, algae, and bacteria must sink to the bottom of an ancient still water environment.
What is the pH of humic acid?
6.0
The humic acids extracted from compost has a CEC of 60-156 me/100g, organic-organic C content of 20-30%, pH value of 6.0, in black color, and slow soluble in water.
What are the benefits of humic acid?
Humic acid neutralizes acidic and alkaline soils; regulates pH-value of soils, increasing their buffering abilities; and has extremely high cation-exchange properties. Benefits: Improves and optimizes uptake of nutrients and water holding capacity. Stimulates plant growth with its rich organic and mineral substances.
How sapropelic coal is formed?
Sapropelic coals are formed by putrefaction process. These coals are essentially non-banded in character and are rich in resins, waxes or fats and therefore richer in hydrogen than the humic coals. They are usually lenticular in shape, local in extent and occur at the top of a coal bed.
How many types of kerogen are there?
Four basic types of kerogen are found in sedimentary rocks. A single type or a mixture of types may be present in a source rock.
What is a sapropel event?
Sapropel (a contraction of ancient Greek words sapros and pelos, meaning putrefaction and mud, respectively) is a term used in marine geology to describe dark-coloured sediments that are rich in organic matter. Sapropels events occurs periodically (about every 21000 years) and are specific to the Mediterranean Sea.
What are sapropels in geology?
Sapropel (a contraction of ancient Greek words sapros and pelos, meaning putrefaction and mud, respectively) is a term used in marine geology to describe dark-coloured sediments that are rich in organic matter. Organic carbon concentrations in sapropels commonly exceed 2% in weight.
What is a sapropel horizon?
They can develop from gyttja or accumulate on top of the latter. Sapropels contain various amounts of more or less recognisable organic debris, and they are often highly enriched in sulphides, occurring as Fe-monosulphides or pyrite. Colours of sapropel horizons in the field are typically black, changing to grey upon drying.
What is the concentration of organic carbon in sapropels?
Organic carbon concentrations in sapropels commonly exceed 2 wt.% in weight. The term sapropel events may also refer to cyclic oceanic anoxic event (OAE), in particular those affecting the Mediterranean Sea with a periodicity of about 21,000 years.
