In cell biology, Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7. 11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
What disease does protein kinase C cause?
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the most common leukaemia in the Western world, exhibits dysregulated expression of PKC isoforms, with recent reports indicating that PKCβ and δ play a critical role in B-cell development, due to their ability to link the B-cell receptor (BCR) with downstream signalling pathways.
What does PKC alpha do?
Specifically, PKC-α is involved in altering the function of tight junctions. Tight junctions exist at the meeting point between two cells. Here, tight junctions fuse together to form an impermeable barrier to not only large molecules such as proteins, but also smaller molecules like water.
Is protein kinase C second messenger?
Protein kinase C (PKC), a Ca2+-and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, is now known to be regulated by sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) second messengers and is the intracellular phorbol ester receptor.
What is the PKC gene?
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways.
What happens when PKC is activated?
Activation of PKC in the nervous system has been implicated in the regulation of neurotransmitter release, ion channels, growth and differentiation, and neural plasticity. Stimulation of PKC at the cellular membrane is, therefore, dependent upon the duration and magnitude of the DAG signal.
What does PKC do in muscle?
Protein kinase M induces relaxation of demembranated smooth muscle fibers contracted at submaximal Ca2+ concentrations. We suggest that protein kinase C plays two distinct roles in regulating smooth muscle contractility.
What is the relationship between calcium ions and protein kinase C?
Protein kinase C (PKC) consists of a family of closely related enzymes highly concentrated in the CNS. These enzymes respond to the second messengers calcium (Ca2+) and diacylglycerol (DAG), to express their activities at membrane locations.
How is protein kinase A turned off?
By sequestering both protein kinase A and an enzyme that ultimately turns it off into specific locations, phosphorylation events can be very carefully controlled. The activity of protein kinase A is also modulated by a group of proteins called protein kinase inhibitors.
What is PKC signaling?
Protein kinase C (PKC) form a key family of enzymes involved in signalling pathways that specifically phosphorylates substrates at serine/threonine residues. Phosphorylation by PKC is important in regulating a variety of cellular events such as cell proliferation and the regulation of gene expression.
