PXM-188 is an ABA block type copolymer which contains around 80% POE units and 20% PPO units. PXM-407 is also an ABA block type copolymer, containing approximately 70% PEO and 30% PPO. PXM-407 exhibits reverse thermal gelation in concentrations above 20%, and has a non-toxic nature [6], [7].
Is poloxamer 188 toxic?
In humans, the plasma concentration of Poloxamer 188 (given intravenously) reached a maximum at 1 h, then reached a steady state. Poloxamers can cause hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in animals, but overall, they are relatively nontoxic to animals, with LD(50) values reported from 5 to 34.6 g/kg.
What is the molecular weight of poloxamer 407?
approximately 12.6 kDa
The formal molecular weight of poloxamer 407 is approximately 12.6 kDa with the lengths of two PEO blocks of 101 repeat units and a PPO block of 56 repeat units [2, 4].
What is poloxamer used for?
What is it? Poloxamers are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. They are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. They are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories.
Is poloxamer 188 a surfactant?
Poloxamer 188 is a synthetic surfactant that is a multiblock copolymer.
Is poloxamer 407 toxic?
Potential degradation by sonication. Wang et al. reported that aqueous solutions of poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 sonicated in the presence or absence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) can become highly toxic to cultured cells. The toxicity correlated with the sonolytic degradation of the polymers.
Is poloxamer soluble in water?
Poloxamer 407, also known by the trademark Pluronic® F127, is a water-soluble, non-ionic triblock copolymer that is made up of a hydrophobic residue of polyoxypropylene (POP) between the two hydrophilic units of polyoxyethylene (POE).
What is poloxamer 407 used for in mouthwash?
Poloxamer 407 is used in mouthwash to allow the blending of unblendable liquids. While research into the effects of poloxamer 407 on humans is ongoing, it is thought to be highly toxic and linked to breast cancer. This begs the question; why is it included in mouthwash? Saccharin is an artificial sweetener.
What is poloxamer 184?
Poloxamer 184 is a polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene block polymer. It is a surfactant functioning both as cleansing and solubilizing agent.
Is Pluronic safe?
Pluronic® F127 is generally accepted as safe, although in animal studies injection of doses exceeding 27.5 mg kg− 1116,117 caused serious increases in blood cholesterol and triglycerides (Figure 10).
Is poloxamer 184 bad for skin?
Poloxamer 184 is one of many types of surfactants used in these products. This substance is thought to be associated with moderate toxicity of non-reproductive organs, but little research suggests that it has any effect beyond mild skin irritation.
Is poloxamer 184 skin safe?
Poloxamer 184 is almost half-half oil and water-soluble, likes to form micelles (molecules gathered into a ball form with oil-loving parts inside and water-loving parts outside) and is claimed to be an effective cleansing agent that is also mild on the skin and the eyes.
What is keykolliphor p 188?
Kolliphor P 188 has been widely used as a thickening agent and gel binder. This research grade product is intended for use in R&D and development only. The Kolliphor P grades are poloxamers from the extensive line of Pluronic block copolymers.
What is the mechanism of action of p188?
The full mechanism of action of P188 in inducing cytoprotective effects is not clear; however, based on in vitro experiments and the structural similarity to plasmalemma, P188 may be directly incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer to attenuate the extent of tissue injury 1, 2.
Is p188 a neuroprotective agent?
In the mouse stroke models, P188 exerted a neuroprotective effect in brain ischemia-reperfusion induced acute injury by significantly reducing infarct volume and water content in brain edema and ameliorating the neurological symptoms 24 h after ischemia or reperfusion injury 2.
What is poloxamer 188 used for?
Kolliphor® P 188 (Lutrol® F68, Pluronic® F-68, Synperonic® F68) Poloxamer 188, NF is a useful surfactant for the formulation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because it increases miscibility.
